Tinjauan Sistematis: Penerapan Foot Care pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus untuk Meningkatkan Perfusi Perifer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32922/jkp.v13i2.1302Keywords:
Footcare, Peripheral Perfusion, Diabetes Mellitus, ABI, CRTAbstract
Latar belakang: Diabetes melitus menjadi salah satu penyakit degeneratif yang memberikan dampak komplikasi mikroangiopati. Masalah mikroangiopati yang sering ditemui pada penderita diabetes melitus adalah neuropati perifer berupa penurunan fungsi sensori, motorik perifer dan berujung dengan ulkus diabetikum. Salah satu upaya pencegahan yang dapat dilakukan adalah foot care atau perawatan kaki yang meliputi kebersihan (hygiene), kelembapan kaki, fungsi sirkulasi perifer kaki dan fungsi motorik.
Tujuan: untuk menilai bukti efektivitas intervensi foot care terhadap peningkatan perfusi perifer pada pasien diabetes melitus, menilai kualitas bukti dan merekomendasikan area penelitian lanjutan.
Metode: Tinjauan sistematis ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan PRISMA melibatkan 18 buah artikel hasil dari pencarian yang menggunakan kata kunci “"Foot care" OR "diabetic foot" OR "ankle brachial indext" dengan rentang pencarian artikel dari tahun 2017 sampai dengan 2025..
Hasil: Hasil dari tinjauan yang melibatkan 18 buah artikel (2005–2025) dengan bentuk studi beragam meliputi Quasi-eksperimental, studi kasus, RCT, nonrandom intervention (n=13) ini menunjukkan bahwa Foot care meningkatkan perfusi perifer, memperbaiki sirkulasi darah, dan mencegah komplikasi kaki diabetik. Adapun parameter yang digunakan adalah ABI, sensitivitas, suhu, CRT, dan kekuatan otot.
Kesimpulan: Penerapan Foot care dapat membantu meningkatkan perfusi perifer pada penderita diabetes melitus.
References
1. Petersmann A, Müller-Wieland D, Müller UA, Landgraf R, Nauck M, Freckmann G, et al. Definition, Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2019;127(Suppl 1):S1–7.
2. Agarwal R, Filippatos G, Pitt B, Anker SD, Rossing P, Joseph A, et al. Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes with finerenone in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: The FIDELITY pooled analysis. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(6):474-484A.
3. Mansoor M, Harrison J, Hill JE. Cognitive frailty in older adults with diabetes: Prevalence and risk factors. Br J Community Nurs. 2023;28(11):557–60.
4. Hazari MAH, Ram Reddy B, Uzma N, Santhosh Kumar B. Cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Diabetes Mellit [Internet]. 2015;3(1):19–24. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdm.2011.01.001
5. Choi JH, Kim HR, Song KH. Musculoskeletal complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. Korean J Intern Med. 2022;37(6):1099–110.
6. Wardani EM, Zahroh C, Ainiyah N. Diabetic Foot Spa Implementation in Early Neuropathy Diagnosis Based on Blood Glucose Levels, Foot Sensitivity and the Ankle Brachial Index in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. J Ners. 2019;14(1):106–10.
7. Tusa N, Kautiainen H, Elfving P, Sinikallio S, Mäntyselkä P. Depressive symptoms decrease health-related quality of life of patients with coronary artery disease and diabetes: a 12-month follow up study in primary care. Scand J Prim Health Care. 2023;41(3):276–86.
8. Bernardo Nóbrega LM, Simplício de Oliveira P, Jácome dos Santos CL, Costa Ferreira TM, Lopes Ferreira JD, Souza do Nascimento W, et al. Characteristics and Quality of Life of People With Diabetes. J Nurs UFPE / Rev Enferm UFPE [Internet]. 2019;13(5):1243–52. Available from: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=136898006&%0Alang=es&site=ehost-live&scope=site
9. Survei Kesehatan Indonesia 2023. Laporan Tematik. Kemenkes [Internet]. 2024;119. Available from: https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/laporan-tematik-ski/
10. Maddatu J, Anderson-Baucum E, Evans-Molina C. Smoking and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes HHS Public Access. Physiol Behav. 2017;176(3):139–48.
11. Davies MJ, Aroda VR, Collins BS, Gabbay RA, Green J, Maruthur NM, et al. Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2022. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2022;45(11):2753–86.
12. Holmes CJ, Hastings MK. The application of exercise training for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. J Clin Med. 2021;10(21).
13. Shoemaker R, Noguera MD. Estudio de casos y controles. Fundam Epidemiol. 2021;(June 2017):103–20.
14. Yamashita T, Yamashita K, Rinoie C, Takase Y, Sato M, Yamada K, et al. Improvements in lower-limb muscle strength and foot pressure distribution with foot care in frail elderly adults: a randomized controlled trial from Japan. BMC Geriatr. 2019 Mar;19(1):83.
15. Omote S, Watanabe A, Hiramatsu T, Saito E, Yokogawa M, Okamoto R, et al. A foot-care program to facilitate self-care by the elderly: A non-randomized intervention study UMIN000029632 UMIN. BMC Res Notes. 2017;10(1):1–6.
16. Vedhara K, Brewin D, Game F, Sheehan C, Ayling K, Bradbury K, et al. The REDUCE Intervention: The Development of a Person-Centred Cognitive Behavioural Intervention to Improve Ulcer Outcomes in People at Risk of Diabetic Foot Ulceration. Heal Expect an Int J public Particip Heal care Heal policy. 2025 Oct;28(5):e70434.
17. Fujii K, Stolt M. Intervention study of a foot-care programme enhancing knowledge and practice among nurses and care workers at in-home service providers. Nurs open. 2020 Jul;7(4):1039–51.
18. Silva ÉQ, Santos DP, Beteli RI, Monteiro RL, Ferreira JSSP, Cruvinel-Junior RH, et al. Feasibility of a home-based foot–ankle exercise programme for musculoskeletal dysfunctions in people with diabetes: randomised controlled FOotCAre (FOCA) Trial II. Sci Rep. 2021 Jun;11(1):12404.
19. Castelberg A, Allen-Taylor M, Forde R. The experiences of professional footcare among adults living with type 2 diabetes in Switzerland: a qualitative study. Int Diabetes Nurs. 2024;17:1–7.
20. Sensitivitas P, Pada K, Dengan NH, Rahmadianty S, Julianto E, Puspasari FD. Gambaran Senam Kaki Diabetes Melitus Terhadap Description Of Diabtes Melitus Foot Exrcises On Increasing Foot Sensitivyty In Mrs . H With Diabetes Melitus In Kalisogra Wetan Village , Kalibagor District Banyumas District. 2025;822–9.
21. Ratnawati D, Ayu S, Adyani M. Efektifitas Kombinasi Terapi Foot SPA Dan Buerger Allen Exercise Terhadap Nilai Ankle Brachial Index Pada Lansia Dengan Diabetes Mellitus. J JKFT. 2020;5(1):1–15.
22. Astrie J, Sugiharto. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Kesehatan Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Penerapan Pengaruh Senam Kaki Diabetes Terhadap Nilai Ankle Brachial Index (Abi) Pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2. Semin Nas Kesehat. 2021;2021.
23. Sentana AD, Sumartini NP, Fatoni A. Using The Booklets “Raka” (Rawat Kaki) In Preventing Diabetic Neuropati In Mataram City. J Kesehat Prima. 2020;14(2):105.
24. Ibrahim I, Dewi R. The Effect of Foot Soak Therapy on Ankle Brachial Index ( ABI ) Values in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. 2024;8:169–81.
25. Aditya Wahyu Febrianto, Dwi Yogo Budi Prabowo. Effect of Foot Exercises on Index Brachial Ankle Values in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus. Nurs Care J. 2025;2(2):57–62.
26. Nur R, Arif A, Mangkurat UL, Anestesiologi PK, Baiturrahmah U. KOMBINASI SENAM DIABETES DAN SENAM DIABETES. :1–9.
27. Nisa U, Noamperan S, Wound YS-JI, 2025 undefined. Effect of Diabetic Foot Spa on Lower Extremity Circulation with Ankle Brachial Index in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review. InwecnaOrg [Internet]. 2025;01(01):64–76. Available from: https://www.inwecna.org/journal/index.php/jiwecna/article/view/7
28. Putra MM, Narayani IAM, Purwantara IKGT, Astriani NMDY. Efektifitas Senam Kaki Terhadap Nilai Ankle Brachial Index Pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2. J Ilm Keperawatan (Scientific J Nursing). 2020;6(1):28–34.
29. Embuai S, Tuasikal H, Siauta M. Effect of Foot Exercise and Care on Peripheral Vascular Status in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. J Ners. 2019;14(3 Special Issue):5–13.
30. Paju W, Yusuf R, Nurhidayah J, Fauzi A, Bata VA, Agustine U. The Effect of Foot Massage on Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients With Diabetic Mellitus: A Systematic Review. Malaysian J Med Heal Sci. 2022;18(S17):354–62.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2026 JURNAL KESEHATAN POLTEKKES KEMENKES RI PANGKALPINANG
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
