Hubungan Suhu dan Kelembaban Udara dengan Risiko Infeksi Nosokomial pada Bangsal Rawat Inap Kelas III di Rumah Sakit Tropis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32922/jkp.v14i1.1361Kata Kunci:
Infeksi Nosokomial, Kelembaban Udara, Lingkungan Fisik Rumah Sakit, Rawat Inap, Suhu UdaraAbstrak
Latar Belakang: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) merupakan masalah serius di negara tropis karena suhu dan kelembaban udara yang tidak optimal dapat meningkatkan proliferasi patogen.
Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan suhu dan kelembaban udara dengan risiko infeksi nosokomial pada pasien ruang rawat inap kelas III RSUD Sejiran Setason, Kabupaten Bangka Barat, tahun 2025.
Metode: Penelitian observasional dengan desain potong lintang melibatkan 84 pasien yang dipilih secara purposive dari 303 populasi. Suhu dan kelembaban diukur pada 12 titik menggunakan termometer dan hygrometer digital. Risiko infeksi dinilai menggunakan kuesioner yang mengacu pada pedoman surveilans HAIs Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan uji Chi-Square (α = 0,05).
Hasil: Sebanyak 58,3% ruangan memiliki kondisi suhu dan kelembaban yang tidak memenuhi standar, sedangkan 70,2% pasien tergolong berisiko infeksi nosokomial. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara suhu (p<0,001) dan kelembaban udara (p<0,001) dengan risiko infeksi nosokomial. Pasien yang dirawat di ruangan dengan kondisi tidak ideal memiliki risiko 43,20 kali lebih tinggi mengalami infeksi nosokomial (OR=43,20; 95% CI: 11,29–165,25).
Kesimpulan: Suhu dan kelembaban udara yang tidak memenuhi standar berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko infeksi nosokomial. Perbaikan sistem pengondisian udara diperlukan untuk mendukung pengendalian infeksi di ruang rawat inap.
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